The diagnosis of diabetes can be made in one of the following three methods but each must be confirmed on a subsequent day:
•Presence of symptoms of diabetes and a random blood glucose value of ≥200 mg/dL
•Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL
•Two-hour plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
The OGTT is carried out after an overnight fast of 8–10 h following 3 days of adequate carbohydrate intake (>150 g/day). After taking an initial fasting blood sample, a 75g load of oral glucose dissolved in 250 mL of water is given and the blood sample is collected again 2 h after the drink.
In addition, the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be used to diagnose diabetes although it is not specifically recommended as a diagnostic test for DM. A HbA1c level of 1% above the upper range of normal reference value is suggestive of diabetes and has a specificity of 98%.1
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